论知识产权的法律性质与学科属性

Studies on the Legal Nature and Subject Attribute of Intellectual Property

知识产权作为一种无形财产权,在权利边界、权利内容、权利限制等方面均尚未建立成熟的逻辑体系与框架。严格恪守知识产权法定主义难以应对实践中不断出现的新问题与新挑战,而采用知识财产法的概念更能契合经济社会发展的要求。在知识产权私权公权化理论的冲击下,传统的知识产权私权论面临挑战。结合公法与私法、公权与私权的划分标准,以及知识产权目前在我国社会结构下的角色规定来看,知识产权本质上依然属于私权,制度中的公权力因素只是为了更好地实现私权权利运行优化状态。而基于知识产权本身的特殊性和独立性,其虽栖身于大私法框架内,却因价值理念的多元性与制度安排的复杂性而需进行独立的知识产权法学学科建设,使规则与原则的设置能够更合理、更高效地应对实践中出现的新问题与新挑战。

As an intangible property right, the intellectual property right lacks of a mature logical system and framework in terms of rights boundaries, rights content,and rights restrictions.Strict adherence to intellectual property legalism is difficult to cope with new problems and new challenges, which are constantly emerging in practice.The concept of intellectual property should be understand as a kind of property rather than just a right.Under the impact of the theory of public right tendency through intellectual property rights, the traditional theory of intellectual property rights is facing with challenges.Combining the standards of public law and private law, the separation of public and private rights, and the current role of intellectual property rights under the social structure of China, intellectual property rights are still private in nature.The public power factor in the system is only to realize private rights better.However, based on the particularity and independence of intellectual property itself, although it is within the framework of big private law, it needs independent discipline construction due to the diversity of value concepts and the complexity of institutional arrangements, so that rules and principles can respond to new emerging challenges in practice more reasonably and efficiently.