论附时效利益的债权在诉讼中的抵销:上海练定混凝土制品有限公司诉上海善胜建筑材料有限公司买卖合同纠纷案判决释评

On the Offset of Creditor’s Rights over the Limitation of Action in Litigation:Comments on the Dispute Case of Sale Contract Between Shanghai Lianding Concrete Products Co.Ltd. and Shanghai Shansheng Construction Material Co.Ltd.

在诉讼中,抵销必须以双方互负债权债务为前提条件,即涉及两个债权。其中主张抵销的一方所享有的债权,称主动债权;被主张抵销的债权,称被动债权。从被动债权的角度出发,《民法总则》的出台进一步明确了我国诉讼时效制度采用'抗辩权发生主义';从主动债权的角度出发,抵销权作为形成权,通过抵销抗辩在诉讼中得以实现。两者发生冲突的情形时有发生,(2018)沪01民终2220号民事判决书肯定了附时效利益的债权在诉讼中得以抵销,在实践与理论上均具有重大意义。

In lawsuit,offset must be based on the mutual liability rights and debts of both parties,that is,involving two creditors’rights.Among them,the creditor’s rights enjoyed by the party claiming offset are called active creditor’s rights,and the creditor’s rights claimed for offset are called passive creditor’s rights.From the perspective of passive creditor’s rights,the publication of the General Principles of Civil Law further clarifies that the limitation of action system in our country adopts the doctrine of'the right of defense occurs';from the perspective of active creditor’s rights,the right of set-off,as the right of formation,can be realized in litigation through countervailing defense.Conflicts between the two occur from time to time.(2018)Shanghai Supreme Court’s civil judgment No.2220 affirms that claims with limitation interests can be offset in litigation,which is of great practical and theoretical significance.