韩儒金昌协的四端七情论与“性情经纬说”

South Korean Confucianist Kim Changhyop on the Debate of “Four Buddings” and “Seven Feelings” and His Theory of Latitude and Longitude between Xing and Qing

在学问传承上,金昌协系出李栗谷的畿湖学派。但在“四端七情”的问题上,他折中于李退溪与李栗谷之间。对此问题,金昌协撰有《四端七情说》。一方面,他赞同李退溪的“四端主理,七情主气”之说,而质疑李栗谷的“四端专言理,七情兼言气”之说。但在另一方面,金昌协质疑李退溪的“理发气随,气发理乘”之说,而赞同李栗谷的“气发理乘一途”之说。再者,李栗谷主张“四端不能兼七情,七情则能兼四端”,金昌协则主张“四端不能兼七情,七情亦不能兼四端”。在这个思想背景之下,金昌协提出“性情经纬说”,以说明四德、四端、四时、四行与七情的关系。此说上承张显光的“理气经纬说”,下启韩元震的“四端七情经纬说”,有其特殊的意义。

Though Kim Changhyop was an academical inheritor of Yi Yulgok of Jihu School,in the debate over the"Four Buddings"and "Seven Feelings"(or the"FourSeven Debate"),he was compromised between Yi Toegye and Yi Yulgok.Kim Changhyop wrote an article entitled On the Debate over the "Four Buddings"and"Seven Feelings"to articulate his views.On the one hand,he agreed with Yi Toegye that the"Four Buddings"mainly belongs to li and the"Seven Feelings"mainly belongs to qi,and he questioned Yi Yulgok’s view that the"Four Buddings"only belongs to li and the"Seven Feelings"belongs to both li and qi.On the other hand,Kim Changhyop didn’t agree to Yi Toegye’s view that"li issues and qi follows,qi issues and li directs it",but agreed to Yi Yulgok’s view that there is only one way,namely,qi issues and li follows it.Finally,Yi Yulgok argued that the "Four Buddings"can not contain the"Seven Feelings",but the"Seven Feelings"can contain the"Four Buddings";however,Kim Changhyop pointed out that not only the "Four Buddings"can not contain the"Seven Feelings",but also the"Seven Feelings"can not contain the"Four Buddings".Under this background,Kim Changhyop put forward the theory of latitude andlongitude between xing and qing,to explain the relationships between the "Four Virtues",the"Four Buddings",the "Four Seasons",the "Four Elements",and the"Seven Feelings".This theory has its special significance,in so far as it inherited Jang Hyeongwang’s theory of latitude and longitude between li and qi,and inspired Han Wonjin’s theory of latitude and longitude between the"Four Buddings"and the"Seven Feelings".