“意外考试悖论”辨析

On the "Unexpected Examination Paradox"

'意外考试悖论'是著名的'认知悖论'。本文考察了四种典型的消解方案,并做了分析和评论。进而指出:在这一悖论的分析中,'知道'一词扮演了关键的角色;'知道'有多种不同的含义,老师和学生对'知道'的理解是有差异的,不同含义的'知道'在语句中的叠置使用也可能出问题。'意外考试悖论'正是由于混淆地使用'知道'的含义,错误地进行推理,才造成了自相矛盾的结论。

The Unexpected Examination Paradox is known as a famous'cognitive paradox'.This paper examines,analyzes,and remarks four typical solutions.Based on the analysis of the paradox,the word'know'plays a key role. As'know'has several different meanings,the teacher and the student have different understandings of it The overlapped use of 'know' of different meanings in statements can also be problematic.It is because of the confusing application of'know'and erroneous reasoning that the Unexpected Examination Paradox results in self-contradictory conclusions.