2009-2018年乐山市肺结核流行病学特征分析

The Epidemiological Characteristics of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Leshan City From 2009 to 2018

目的了解乐山市肺结核疫情动态变化趋势,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2009-2018年乐山市肺结核报告发病资料进行分析。使用χ~2检验比较频数与构成比,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2009-2018年乐山市累计报告肺结核病例17 331例,死亡65例,年均发病率为53.14/10万,发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ~2趋势=191.54,P<0.01)。全年各月均有病例报告。发病年龄以20~29岁和60岁以上为主(44.14%),发病率高于其它年龄组(χ~2=1 706.94,P<0.01),15岁以下发病率较低(χ~2=2 419.27,P<0.01)。男女发病率比为2.49∶1,男性高于女性(χ~2=3 145.34,P<0.01),发病职业以农民(69.51%)为主。民族地区发病率高于非民族地区(χ~2=3 068.93,P<0.01)。结论 2009-2018年乐山市肺结核总体报告发病率呈下降趋势,发病无明显季节性差异,民族地区发病率较高。发病人群以青壮年和老年农民为主,15岁以下人群发病率较低。应加强公共卫生服务工作,做好学校肺结核监测与重点人群筛查。

Objective To investigate the trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Leshan city in order to provide epidemic evidence for the development of disease prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of pulmonary tuberculosis from 2009 to 2018 in Leshan.Results A total of 17 331 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in recent10 years,which there were 65 death cases.The average annual incidence rate was 53.14/105.Which were reported in every month,the morbidity was decreasing(χ~2=191.54,P<0.01).The groups of age was mainly in 20-29 and over 60 years old(44.14%)(χ~2=1 706.94,P<0.01),and the incidence rate was lower under 15 years of age(χ~2=2 419.27,P<0.01).The sex ratio of the cases was 2.49∶1 of male to female,male were higher than female(χ~2=3 145.34,P<0.01).Most of cases were farmers(69.51%).The incidence of ethnic minority areas were higher than that of other areas(χ~2=3 068.93,P<0.01).Conclusion In general,pulmonary tuberculosis incidences showed a downward trend during form 2009 to 2018 and no apparent seasonal distribution.There was obvious regional character.Young and elderly Farmers was accounted for the majority;The incidence rate remained at low level of the people under 15 years old.