2018年福建省浦城县人群重点寄生虫监测分析

Surveillance and Analysis of Key Parasites in Pucheng County of Fujian Province in 2018

目的了解福建省浦城县重点寄生虫(包括土源性线虫和食源性寄生虫)在人群及动物保虫宿主的感染及流行情况,为今后开展防控工作提供科学依据。方法根据《全国重点寄生虫病监测方案》要求,人群监测以每个监测点采集3周岁以上居民粪便30 g,共检测1 000人以上,采用一份两检;淡水鱼类监测,根据村庄鱼塘溪渠分布情况,捕捉各类淡水鱼虾,取鱼鳃、鱼鳍肉及尾鳍部肌肉进行压片镜检;保虫宿主监测以收集野外狗、猫动物粪便,检测感染各种寄生虫卵。人群卫生知识与行为状况调查采用随机抽取150人以上进行寄生虫病知识答题问卷,并计算得分(60分以上为及格)与知晓率(及格率)。率的比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共调查1 030人,其中寄生虫感染者46人,总感染率4.47%。其中,华支睾吸虫感染者8人,感染率0.77%;东方次睾吸虫感染者4人,感染率0.39%;钩虫感染者30人,感染率2.91%,鞭虫感染者4人,感染率0.39%。检测野外动物粪便标本29份,检出寄生虫卵12份,检出率为41.4%,发现寄生虫卵分别为华支睾吸虫、东方次睾吸虫、蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、姜片形吸虫、棘口科吸虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫及长膜壳绦虫等。检测各种淡水鱼类126条,其中,麦穗鱼检测100条,发现东方次睾吸虫囊蚴感染者75尾(条),其感染率为75%,平均囊蚴数(感染度)为60个/条鱼;发现华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染者18尾(条),感染率为18%,平均囊蚴数(感染度)为24个/条鱼。结论浦城县人群重点寄生虫感染率低,当地动物感染寄生虫卵种类较多,麦穗鱼的肝吸虫和东方次睾吸虫囊蚴感染率较高,应加强防治工作。

Objective To understand the infection and epidemic situation of key parasites in the crowd and animal insect carrier in Pucheng county,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control work in the future.Methods According to the requirements of National Key Parasitic Disease Surveillance Program,crowd monitoring should collect 30 g of feces from residents over 3 years old at each monitoring point and test more than 1 000 people,each sample tested twice;freshwater fish monitoring should,according to the distribution of fish ponds and canals in the village,capture all kinds of freshwater fish and shrimp,take the fish gills,fin meat and caudal fin muscles for tablet microscopy;insect host monitoring should collect feces from wild dogs and cats,and detect infection of various parasite eggs.The health knowledge and behavioral status survey randomly selected more than 150 people to conduct Parasitic Disease Knowledge Questionnaire,and calculated the score(60 points or more is pass)and the awareness rate(pass rate).Results A total of 1 030 people were investigated and 46 were infected with parasites,with a total infection rate of 4.47%.Among them,8 were infected with clonorchis sinensis,with an infection rate of 0.77%,4 people were infected with metorchis orientalis,with an infection rate of 0.39%,the infection rate of hookworm was 2.91%in 30 cases and whipworm was 0.39%in 4 cases.The study detected 29 animal droppings and 12 parasite eggs,with a detection rate of 41.4%,respectively clonorchis sinensis eggs,metorchis orientalis eggs,ascaris lumbricoides eggs,hookworm eggs,whipworm eggs,fascio(lankester,1 857)odhner eggs,echinostomaechinata eggs,and spirometra mansoni eggs and hymenolepiasis diminuta eggs.There were 126 freshwater fish detected,100 of them were pseudorasbora parva,75 ears of pseudorasbora parva were infected by metacercaria of metorchis orientalis,with an infection rate of 75%,the average number of metacercaria of metorchis orientalis(infection degree)was 60/fish,and 18 ears of pseudorasbora parva were infected by metacercaria of clonorchis sinensis,with an infection rate of 18%,the average number of metacercaria of clonorchis sinensis(infection degree)was 24/fish.Conclusion Pucheng County population has a low priority parasitic infection rate,and there are many kinds of parasites in local dogs and cats.The infection rates of clonorchis sinensis and metorchis orientalis in freshwater fishes are high.Relevant research and prevention should be strengthened.