铬污染土壤修复技术研究进展

Recent Development of Remediation Technology for Cr-contaminated Soil

土壤中Cr(Ⅲ)的毒性、迁移性和生物有效性大大低于Cr(Ⅵ).目前铬污染土壤修复工程大都采用化学还原固化稳定化技术,但高昂的药剂成本以及潜在的安全风险成为其大规模应用的限制条件,化学淋洗技术在工程中也有应用,但处理成本更高.微生物修复具有适应性强、处理成本低、无二次污染等优点,在重金属污染土壤修复领域显示出良好的应用前景,若能利用微生物还原土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)实现稳定化的目的,则能够大大降低铬污染土壤的修复成本,但这方面的研究目前还很少,亟待加强.

In chromium-contaminated soil, the toxicity, migration and biological effectiveness of Cr(Ⅲ) aremuch lower than those of Cr(Ⅵ). At present, the stabilization technology is often applied for chromium-contaminated remediation by chemical reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ), but high medicament costs and potential security risks have become a constraint on their large-scale application. Chemical leaching, a more costly technology, is also used in some projects. Due to the advantages of high adaptability, low cost and no secondary pollution, microbial remediation shows good application prospects in the field of heavy metal contaminated soil. Therefore, if bio-reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) can be realized, it will greatly reduce the cost of remediation of chromium contaminated soil. However, there are few studies on the remediation of Cr-contaminated soil.