高密度城市的门槛标准及全球分布特征

Threshold Standard and Global Distribution of High-Density Cities

进入21世纪,高密度城市在全球范围内大量出现,引起了学术界的广泛关注。文章采用2012年Demographia公司发布的世界50万人以上城市人口密度数据,探讨高密度城市的门槛标准与全球分布特征。研究表明:世界高密度城市的门槛标准为15000人/km2,按此门槛标准全球高密度城市共有76个,分布特征为在洲际层面主要集中在亚洲、非洲和南美洲,在国家和地区层面主要集中在人口稠密、城市化水平低、工业化程度低的发展中国家,在城市层面主要包括土地面积小、地区性中心城市、工商业和港口城市等城市类型。高密度城市发展的主要影响因素有人口规模和土地面积,城市发展阶段、工业化水平与发展阶段以及资源、文化、宗教、制度等。高密度城市在土地利用、街区建筑、交通组织等方面的表现出明显高密度空间环境特点。我国是世界人口最多的国家,也是高密度城市分布最集中的国家之一,对高密度城市的深入研究具有意义;未来对高密度城市的研究主要方向是居住形态、交通组织、资源配置、公共卫生、绿化环境等。

Study on high-density city is meaningful for practical issues,since cities in the world were growing more and more high-density from 21 st century on. Based on statistical data of 1513 cities with more than 500,000 people in year 2012 by Demographia, threshold standard and global distribution of high-density cities were studied, the results indicate: First, the threshold standard of high-density city is about 15,000 person per square kilometer,by this standard there are 76 high-density cities in the world. Second,high-density cities are mainly distributed in developing countries of Asia,Africa and south America; these countries are characterized with lower industrialization, lower urbanization and larger population; main types of high-density cities include cities with narrow land resources, regional central cities, commercial and industrial cities and port cities. Thirdly factors affecting the development of high-density cities include population and land scale, urbanization, economic growth, resources, culture, religion and land use institutions. Fourthly, high-density cities show high-density features include impacted land use, narrow streets and high buildings, and diverse transport patterns. Finally, several suggestions for further studies were given which include residential model, traffic management, resource distribution,public health, green space and so on.