中国城乡居民生活水平差距的时空变化及其影响因素

Spatial-temporal Variations of Living Standard Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in China and its Influencing Factors

通过截取1980年~2010年四个时间断面中国各省城乡居民恩格尔系数差值,描述了我国城乡居民生活水平差距的时空变化和差异,分析其格局形成和演变的影响因素。结果显示:中国城乡居民恩格尔系数差值经历了下降-上升-下降的过程,说明改革开放以来城乡居民生活水平差距先有所缩小、再急剧扩大、进而明显缩小;各省城乡居民生活水平差距的空间自相关性较明显,城乡恩格尔系数差值的冷、热点区域在不同时间的空间差异显著;各省城乡居民生活水平差距时间上差异显著,可依据城乡恩格尔系数差值的变化将其分为四类;中国城乡居民生活水平差距的时空格局是地方在对国家宏观战略、宏观政治经济环境、地区城乡战略、自然条件等因素的响应中逐步形成的,需要因地制宜、因时制宜地制订和调整城乡发展政策。

The spatial-temporal changes of difference of Engel coefficient be-tween urban and rural residents of all provinces, presented by 4 time sections in 1980-2010, depict spatial-temporal differences of living standard between Chinese urban areas and rural areas in province level. On the whole, from 1980 to 2010 Chinese urban and rural residents’ Engel Coefficient difference expe-rienced a process of the down-up-down, reflecting that the gaps between urban and rural residents’living standard in most provinces have been slightly nar-rowed, heavily enlarged and then significantly narrowed since reform and open-ing-up. In spatial difference aspects, the gap between urban and rural resi-dents’living standard of all provinces shows a relatively significant spatial correlation, and hot spots areas and cold spots areas present significant spa-tial differences in different time period. In temporal difference aspects, the changes of the living standard gap between urban and rural residents of all provinces have great differences, which can be categorized into four classes according to changes of Engel coefficient difference between urban and rural residents. Spatial-temporal changes of the living standard gap between urban and rural residents in China are shaped by response of national macro strate-gies, macro-economic and political environment, regional urban-rural develop-ment strategy and policy, and geographical conditions. Urban-rural policies should adjust promptly according to practical situation of different urban and areas.