墨累-达令河流域管理体制改革及其启示

Analysis on the reform of Murray-Darling Basin management system and its inspirations

在联邦制框架下,墨累-达令河流域管理体制从区域自治到区域协商,再到国家统管,不断改革,以应对演变的流域环境和凸显的流域问题,顺应流域综合管理的国际发展趋势。考虑到国家结构形式的不同,流域立法和流域管理权力分配方式的不同,特别是中国的水资源保护利用和水污染防治二元立法模式,以及多部门涉水管理,可借鉴墨累-达令河流域管理体制改革经验,重点完善流域多级协调机制,将流域区域协商与国家统筹管理相结合,为下一步流域管理新体制的产生创造条件。

Under the federal framework, the Murray-Darling Basin management system has been reformed constantly from regional autonomy to regional consultation and then to national unified management, so as to respond to evolving basin environment and striking basin problems and conform to the international development trend of integrated basin management. Considering the differences in national structural forms, basin legislation and basin management power allocation modes, particularly China's dualistic pattern of the legislation for water resource protection and utilization and water pollution control, and China's practice that many departments involve water resources management, we can draw on the experiences of the reform of Murray-Darling Basin management system, to mainly optimize our multi-level basin cooperation mechanism and combine basin-based regional consultation and nation unified management, with a view to creating conditions for generation of new basin management system.