公共还是私密空间?基于女性主义地理学的潮汕钩花案例分析

Public or private space? A feminist geographical analysis of Chaoshan females' crochet activities

通过文献分析和深度访谈的方法,对潮汕地区钩花行业一百多年的兴衰发展进行梳理,同时利用女性主义地理学理论阐释了潮汕女性在此历史过程中的空间实践,得出潮汕钩花行业经历了女性空间实践的公共化、家庭空间的经济化、以身体为尺度的钩花展演的发展阶段。在悠久的历史进程中,钩花行业的发展展示出潮汕女性身份不断建构与重塑的过程。鉴于此,本文通过钩花活动,指出从事手工业活动建构了潮汕女性作为"经济人"的社会角色,她们的空间实践和空间展演也随之发生改变,逐步由家庭空间的演绎转移到洋行和抽纱工厂等更加公共的领域。女性主义地理学所批判的性别空间"二元论"在这个案例中也具化成为对性别所导致的公共的(男性的、经济的和政治的)和私密的(女性的、非经济的和非政治的)二元论的挑战。基于此,本文从经济地理的视角为女性主义地理学研究做出了一定的贡献。

Based on archival analysis and in-depth interview, this paper mainly studies the over-one-hundred-year history of the handicraft industry of Chaoshan Crochet. Employing the theory of feminist geography, this paper, at the same time, also explores the bodily performance of Chaoshan females in the Crochet activities which can be therefore divided into three stages: the popularization of female spatial practice, the economization of family space and the bodily performance of Crochet activities. In this historical process,this paper argues that, the development of Crochet handicraft industry in Chaoshan region is intimately involved into the construction and performativity of the Chaoshan females' gendered identities. In this sense,this paper suggests that the participation of Crochet activities constructs Chaoshan females' social role as ‘economical people', through which their space practice and performance has also changed and gradually transferred from the interpretation of family space to the foreign firm, drawnwork factory and other more public areas. On this basis, this paper has to a certain extent,contributed to the challenge of the binary framework of the public(the masculine, the economic and the political) and the private(the feminize, the non-economic and non-political) as a form of feminist economic geographical research.