国界对跨界民族文化影响的地图表达方式初探——以中国和陆边邻国为例

Mapping the influence of national border on crossborder ethnic culture:Taking the cross-border area of China and its neighboring countries as an example

中国地理学者服务于中国外交的途径之一,是提供中国与周边国家经济、社会、文化等方面的专题地图。跨界民族分布图就是展现国家地缘关系的一种专题地图。目前的跨界民族地图表达方式不能呈现出国界的影响,无法服务于跨界民族的地区管理,为此,探索接近现实、易于理解的国界两侧跨界民族文化亲缘关系的专题地图十分必要。为弥补常见跨界民族分布地图的不足,从四个角度探索了地缘文化制图形式:跨界民族地区图斑空间单元尺度、多民族构成、两侧行政区边界不完全对位和语言亲缘度,设计了刻画地缘语言的亲缘度系数,而后绘制出专题地图。研究的结论为:第一,从数据的可获得性上看,跨界民族文化亲缘度地图的图斑空间单元以相当于中国县级区域的空间单元较为合适;第二,与传统的跨界民族分布图相比,跨界民族地缘语言亲缘度公式包含更多的因素,所作地图可呈现出更为精细的信息。

One of the ways for Chinese geographers to serve China’s diplomacy is to provide thematic maps of China’s neighboring countries related to economy,society and culture.Cross-border ethnic distribution map is a kind of the thematic map showing the geographic relationship of the countries.The current maps of cross-border ethnic groups cannot show the influence of national borders or serve the governance of cross-border ethnic areas.It is necessary to explore the thematic maps of cross-border ethnic cultural relationship on both sides of the borders that are close to reality and easy to be understood.In order to avoid the shortcomings of the common cross-border ethnic groups maps,the geo-cultural mapping patterns were explored from four perspectives:to determine the scale of spatial unit in the maps,to consider the multi-ethnic composition,to solve the mismatch of border length,and to measure the language affinities on both sides.Then an index for thematic maps was designed and the thematic maps were drawn.The conclusions of this study are as follows.First,from the perspective of data availability,the patch space unit of the cross-border ethnic cultural affinity map is more suitable to be equivalent to the space unit of county-level region in China.Second,compared with the traditional cross-border ethnic distribution map,the new map showing the cross-border ethnic geo-linguistic affinity is better because the formula of cross-border ethnic geo-linguistic affinity contains more factors and can present more detailed information.