集聚外部性对企业区位选择影响分析——基于汽车零部件企业微观数据的实证研究

Influence of agglomeration externality on firm location choice——An empirical study based on microdata of auto supplier plants

利用1998年-2012年《中国工业企业数据库》数据,对汽车零部件及配件制造企业空间布局进行描述,借助EG指数对产业集聚水平进行测算和分析,发现零部件企业集聚'沿海沿江'特征明显,企业区域间分布趋向均匀,新增零部件企业空间不均衡性呈'高—低—高'趋向,沿长江经济带区域是其区位选择的热点区域。针对新增零部件企业构建基于地级以上行政区为地域单元的的泊松回归分析模型,结果显示:地方化经济能显著提高新企业进入的可能性,且以自身行业为主导;当地方化经济达到一定程度后,将出现拥挤效应;除集聚外部性因素影响外,新增零部件企业对土地、交通及国内市场潜力要素较敏感。

Using the Chinese industrial enterprises database from 1998 to2012,we analyze the spatial distribution of China’s auto supplier plants with the calculation results of the EG index.We find an obvious characteristic of China’s auto supplier plants’agglomeration is along the sea and river although the distribution of enterprises tends to be homogeneous.The space imbalance of new auto supplier plants has a'high-low-high'trend and the areas along the Yangtze River Economic Zone is the hot areas for location choices of auto supplier start-ups.To analyze the location choice of new auto supplier plants,we build up the Poisson regression model based on the prefecture level data.The results indicate that:(1)localization economies is dominated by its own industry,which could significantly increase the possibility of new firms to enter.(2)When the localized economy reaches a certain level,there will be a crowing effect.(3)In addition to the influence of agglomeration externality,the new auto supplier plants are sensitive to land,transportation and domestic market potential factors.