基于熵——生态位模型的我国装备制造业竞争力评价及提升对策研究

Research on Competitiveness Evaluation and Promotion Strategy of Equipment Manufacturing Industry in China Based on Entropy-niche Model

装备制造业能够反映一个国家的工业化水平高低,其竞争力的强弱关系一个国家工业在国际市场上是否有稳定的市场份额。通过系统分析我国装备制造业整个行业的利润总额和出口交货值的走势,得出该行业的经济效益和国际市场竞争力发展良好,逐步提升,但增长率与往年相比大幅下滑。通过构建的熵-生态位模型对我国装备制造业的竞争力进行评价,得出结论如下:电气机械及器材制造业、通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业和交通运输设备制造业的综合生态位明显高于其他行业,国际市场综合竞争力最强;其次是金属制品业、专用设备制造业、通用设备制造业生态位竞争力居中,发展良好;仪器仪表制造业的生态位竞争力最弱,国际市场竞争力低。建议通过完善国家政策确保政策落地、加强科技成果转化,打造特色国际品牌以及联动整合最大化规模效益和培养高技能人才四大方面助力我国装备制造业竞争力提升目标的实现。

Equipment manufacturing industry can reflect the level of industrialization of a country,and its competitiveness is related to whether a country’s industry has a stable market share in the international market.The paper systematically analyses the trend of total profit and export delivery value of the whole industry of China’s equipment manufacturing industry,and concludes that the economic benefit and international market competitiveness of the industry have developed well and gradually improved,but the growth rate has declined sharply compared with previous years.The competitiveness of China’s equipment manufacturing industry is evaluated by the entropy-niche model.The conclusions are as follows:the comprehensive niche of electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing,communication equipment,computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing and transportation equipment manufacturing is obviously higher than that of other industries,and the comprehensive competitiveness of the international market is the strongest;secondly,the niche competitiveness of metal products industry,special equipment manufacturing and general equipment manufacturing is in the middle,and the development of instrument system is good;The niche competitiveness of manufacturing industry is the weakest and the competitiveness of international market is low.It is suggested that the goal of core competence of China’s equipment manufacturing industry should be achieved by improving national policies to ensure policy landing,strengthening the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,creating distinctive international brands,maximizing scale efficiency through linkage and integration,and cultivating highly skilled personnel.