美国先进技术计划评估实践的特点与启示

Characteristic and Implications of Evaluation Practice of Advanced Technology Programs in the U.S.

国家科技计划改革后,为重点研发计划等新型科技计划构建评估体系既是改革的紧迫需求,也是支撑计划管理和决策的必要手段。本文着重介绍和分析了美国先进技术计划的监测评估方法以及典型的监测评估实践,包括项目评估、监测系统、经济社会影响评估、反事实评估等,并在此基础上从评估导向、评估方法、评估能力建设等方面为构建我国新型科技计划的评估体系提出几点建议。

After the reform of national science and technology programs,it is urgent to construct an evaluation system for the programs,such as the Key Research and Development Program,and it is also a necessity to support the program management and decision making.The monitoring and evaluation methods and some typical practices of Advanced Technology Program in the U.S.are introduced and analyzed in this paper,including project evaluation,monitoring system,economic and social impact evaluation,as well as the counterfactual evaluation.To help construct the evaluation system of new science and technology programs in China,some suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of evaluation orientation,method and capacity building.