我国人工林新时代发展形势分析

Analysis on Development Trend of China’s Plantation in New Era

改革开放40年来,我国人工林发展迅速,不仅造林面积稳居世界第1,生产的林副产品也有力地促进了经济增长。在全球气候变化、国家生态文明、美丽中国、森林城市建设以及乡村振兴战略的新时代,人工林将为增加森林碳汇、建设更加美好的生态环境、提供优质的生态产品、优化城市绿色空间以及建设美丽乡村等多重效益带来新的发展机遇。文中在梳理人工林建设成就的同时,针对我国人工林存在的单位面积蓄积量低、木材产品和生态产品供给不足和未来造林空间受限等问题,参照国内外林业发展研究与实践经验,总结了人工林发展方向的转变,即从木材导向的单一经营迈向可持续的多功能经营,从大面积低质低效纯林迈向近自然育林,从重数量轻质量迈向质量与数量并举,以及从静态主观事后管理迈向动态智能实时管理。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China has seen the rapid development of plantations,which not only top the world in area,but also makes significant contribution to the growth of forestry economy by producing wood and other products.In the new era in which global climate change,national ecological civilization development,beautiful China construction,forest city construction and rural revitalization strategy are rising as main issues,the plantation will bring on new development opportunities to increase forest carbon sink,build a better ecological environment,provide high-quality ecological products,optimize urban green space and build beautiful villages.Based on the review of the achievements of plantation development in China and with an eye to the current problems including low volume per unit area,the shortage of wood and ecological products and the limited supply of land for afforestation in the future,this paper summarizes the transition of development direction of the plantation in reference to domestic and foreign forestry development research and practical experiences,i.e.,from timber-oriented operation to sustainable multi-functional management,from large-scale low-quality and low-efficiency pure forest establishment to close-to-nature silviculture,from more focused on quantity than quality to equal attention to quality and quantity,and from static and subjective post facto management to dynamic and intelligent real-time management.