集聚和出口对中国造纸企业全要素生产率的影响

Effects of Export and Agglomeration on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Paper-making Enterprises

造纸业作为中国传统制造业之一,亟需通过提高全要素生产率实现产业转型升级。文中基于我国1999—2007年企业层面的面板数据,测算了中国造纸企业的全要素生产率,进而考察集聚和出口对中国造纸业全要素生产率的影响。测算结果表明,中国造纸企业1999—2007年处于规模报酬递减阶段,企业全要素生产率没有太大变动。实证分析发现,产业集聚对造纸企业的全要素生产率有显著的正向影响,出口企业的全要素生产率显著低于内销企业,而且产业集聚对内销企业全要素生产率的提升幅度显著高于出口企业全要素生产率的提升幅度;集聚和出口都能影响企业研发创新,进而影响企业全要素生产率。

As one of the traditional industries in China,the paper-making industry urgently needs to achieve industrial transformation and upgrading by improving the total factor productivity(TFP).Based on the panel data of paper-making enterprise from 1999 to 2007,this paper measures their TFP,and then analyzes the impact of export and agglomeration on the TFP.The calculation results show that Chinese paper-making enterprises had their returns to scale progressively diminishing during 1999-2007,while their TFP had not changed much.The empirical analysis finds that industrial agglomeration has a significantly positive impact on the TFP of paper-making enterprises.The export-oriented enterprises has significantly lower TFP than domestic market oriented enterprises,and the industrial agglomeration has higher impact on the TFP increase extent of domestic market oriented enterprises than on export enterprises.Both agglomeration and export can affect the TFP of enterprises by influencing the R&D innovation.