澳大利亚国家公园管理现状及启示

State and Enlightenment of National Park Management in Australia

党的十九大明确提出我国将建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,国家公园体制改革试点已顺利开展,但在体制、机制等方面仍不甚完善。文中通过分析澳大利亚国家公园在管理体系、资金保障机制、重点工作等方面的特点,提出了我国国家公园建设的建议,以期为我国国家公园体制试点提供参考。分析表明,澳大利亚国家公园管理模式多元,分为公园局与当地联合管理以及公园局独立管理2类,采取局长/局长助理—司局—处3级管理结构。资金保障机制完善,资金来源主要包括基金捐款、财政拨款和门票收入。重点工作明确,即加强土地和生态系统的可恢复性、推动传统所有者参与发展、提高公园对游客的吸引力。其他特点还包括高度重视资源监测、正确处理与当地社区的关系、加强高科技和社交媒体创新应用、及时总结报告、制定发展规划等,值得我国学习借鉴。

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that China will establish a natural protected land system with national parks as the core part.The national park system pilot reform has been carried out smoothly,but there is still a long way to go in terms of institutional mechanisms.This paper analyzes the characteristics of Australian national parks management in management system,financial guarantee mechanism,and key fields and came up with the suggestions on the national park management system in China,in order to provide references for China’s national park system pilot.The analysis shows that the national park management model in Australia is diverse,which is generally composed of two categories:the joint management by the park bureau and the local stakeholders and the independent management by the park bureau.Three-level management structure of the director/director assistant-department-division is adopted.The fund guarantee mechanism is sound,and the funding mainly come from fund donations,financial appropriations and ticket income.The key fields to work are well identified,i.e.,strengthening ecosystem resilience,promoting the participation of traditional owners in the management,and increasing the attractiveness of parks to tourists.Other points that are worthwhile to learn include high attention to resource monitoring,correct dealing with the relationship with local communities,a highlight to the innovational application of high-tech and social media,timely conclusion and reporting,and development plans development.