从语义规则看日语直接被动句的成立条件

The Establishing Conditions of Direct Passive Sentences in Japanese: from a Viewpoint of Semantic Rules

从语义规则的角度,重点探讨了无生命名词做主语的情况下,直接被动句的成立条件。指出了当「に」格名词句具有不确定性时,尽管与视点原则不符,直接被动句依然成立。当「に」格名词句是特定的人物时,只要主语的特征能够得以突显,或表现出主语及说话人由于事态的发生而在利益方面受到损失,直接被动句就可以成立。

From an angle of semantic rules,the establishing conditions of direct passive sentences are emphatically discussed in the case that inanimate nouns are used as the subject. When pattern noun of case particle'ni'is uncertain,even though it does not accord w ith the visual- angle rule,the direct passive sentences stand. When pattern noun of case particle 'ni'is considered as a particular personality or a thing,the direct passive sentences still stand as long as the subject feature can be highlighted,or as long as it can show that the subject or the speaker has loss of benefits due to w hat has happened.