对环境设计专业理论建设的思考

CONSIDERATION OF THEORETICAL BUILDING ON ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

环境设计专业在中国已经走过了近六十年,期间更换过多次名称,从起始的"建筑装饰"、"室内设计"、"环境艺术设计",再到教育部2012年学科目录中公布的"环境设计"。名称更迭,既体现该专业在学科交叉背景下,随时代变革而变化的灵活,也说明该专业对其终极目的性一直以来的探讨与犹豫。从"环境艺术设计"到"环境设计","艺术"一词的去除虽不能使该专业消解艺术学科背景的现实状态,却也体现了其要强调"环境"重要性的决心。通过对环境设计发展过程中蛰伏与兴盛状况的分析,作者认为:环境设计专业在发展中的主要成就在于始终脚踏实地地设计实践,而存在的问题亦在于由于偏重实践而对专业理论梳理与研究不足。对该专业"实践先行"之后抓紧"理论跟进",重视对环境美学等理论的深入研究,应是当代环境设计专业构建自主理论体系的途径,而由"以人为本"到服务全生态圈及生命共同体,也是环境设计面临的专业目标与理念的再次调整。

It has been 60 years since the major of environment design first built in China. During this period, the exact name of this major have been changed several times: 'Architecture and Decaration', 'Interior Design', 'Environmental Art Design', until 'Environmental Design' which published in specialty catalogue of Ministry of Education. The changes in name, not only reflected the professional under the interdisciplinary background with the flexible changes in the times, but also the ultimate purpose of the professional has been discussed and hesitated. Through the analysis of the dormancy and prosperity during the process of environmental design development, the author said that the main achievement of the major of environmental design lay in the design practice which is still down-to-earth. Nevertheless, the problem lay in the emphasis on practice and deficiency on the professional theory research. Grasp the professional theory research to follow up the practice first, and attention to the further research of environmental aesthetics and other theories, these should be the ways to construct the independent theoretical system of contemporary environmental design. In addition, from the 'people-oriented' to the service of the whole ecosphere and life community was also environmental design facing the readjustment of the professional goals and idea.