第一位使徒:抹大拉的马利亚

The First Apostle:Mary Magdalene

抹大拉的马利亚被初代基督教称为"使徒们的使徒",她是第一位见证耶稣基督复活的跟随者,从受难起就坚决伴随耶稣基督,直到耶稣进入坟墓。然而弱势女性之历史地位终于被优势的男性之光彩掩埋,她的形象逐渐地隐入幕后,甚至被扭曲变形。本文尝试描绘抹大拉马利亚的原本形象,主要由福音书把握主要线索,探讨具有女性阴柔特质以及强调妇女角色的《约翰福音》如何凸显出她乃是最明白耶稣心意的跟随者。再由外典文献参见抹大拉马利亚与耶稣基督的紧密关系,甚至引发其他门徒的嫉妒,其中尤其包括门徒领袖彼得。新约正典涵盖了彼得所代表的主流教会传统与耶稣所爱的那门徒与抹大拉马利亚所代表的非主流教会传统,《约翰福音》所要呈现的非主流传统应当是以第一位见证耶稣基督复活的使徒抹大拉马利亚为主,而抹大拉马利亚的形象则藉着投射在耶稣所爱的那门徒身上而代代流传。

Mary Magdalene was called'the first apostle'by the early Christianity.She is the first witness of the resurrection of Jesus Christ among his followers.From the passion on she has accompanied with Jesus Christ until his death.But the historical position of the weak female has been covered by the dominant male.Her figure has been moved into the backgrounds and even distorted.We try to discover the original figure of Mary Magdalene,mainly through the canonical gospel to grasp the basic information about her.The Gospel of John,which has the feminine characters and emphasized the roles of women,has shown that she is the one who understands Jesus Christ far better than others.By referring to the extracanonical literatures,we may see the close relation between Mary Magdalene and Jesus Christ, which has aroused the jealous of other disciples including Peter as the leader of disciples.The canon of the New Testament has included the mainline church tradition represented by Peter and the Non-mainline church tradition represented by the Beloved Disciple and Mary Magdalene. The Gospel of John has displayed the Non-mainline church tradition through the figure of Mary Magdalene as the first witness of resurrection by projecting her into the Beloved Disciple.