启示并宣言出来的幽灵——马克思恩格斯著作与《启示录》

The Specter Revealed and Made Manifest:The Book of Revelation in the Writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

马克思和恩格斯有许多著作论及基督教,其中包括《共产党宣言》。《启示录》在圣经中占有醒目位置,马克思和恩格斯对之特别关注。马克思和恩格斯对《启示录》的论述主要集中于以下四种文献,分别是马克思的《批判的末日的审判》,即《神圣家族》第九章,和《德意志意识形态》一书,恩格斯的论文《启示录》和《论原始基督教的历史》。《启示录》是唯一经常出现于马克思和恩格斯著作中的圣经经卷。《启示录》有一些特点,它们非常适合于马克思和恩格斯表述其关于历史发展的整个理论。马克思和恩格斯通过研究《启示录》为社会主义运动指明方向。乌托邦具有冲击力。基督教是一个关于成功的故事。马克思的某些著作具有圣经格调。早期和晚期马克思主义文献之间存在着差异。《启示录》宣示出来的幽灵频繁再现。马克思和恩格斯著作至今具有重大的研究潜质,能够为人们清晰认识当代社会变动的总趋势提供深刻启迪。

Of the works by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,including the Communist Manifesto, many refer to Christianity. The Book of Revelation occupies a conspicuous place in the Bible, and accordingly, Marx and Engels show especial concern for it. The main works in which Marx and Engels deal with the Book of Revelation are:Marx’s "The Critical Last Judgment",namely, Chapter 9 of the book entitled The Holy Family, and his book entitled German Ideology;Engels’ essay "The Book of Revelation" and his essay "On the History of Early Christianity". The Book of Revelation consistently surfaces in the works by Marx and Engels, and there are some features of the book which fit very well with their overall theory of historical development.By studying the Book of Revelation, Marx and Engels point towards an orientation for the socialist movement. Utopia creates impulse.Christianity is a story of success. Some works by Marx are imbued with biblical notes. The specter ’manifest in the Book of Revelation frequently reappears. The works by Marx and Engels are possessed of great potentiality for research even today, and can provide us with a profound enlightenment through which we may see clearly the general tendency of current changes.