明洪武时期的冠礼重建

Reconstruction of Capping Rite During Hongwu Period

在结合《仪礼·士冠礼》经说与借鉴唐宋先例的基础上,洪武建国后即着力重整前元对儒家冠礼的破坏格局。上至皇室、中及品官、下达庶人,洪武朝冠礼系统颇为周密。品官冠礼在周、唐、宋的先例上酌情损益,以简约为特色,但并非一味删繁就简。士庶冠礼仪节与品官冠礼仪节高度雷同,有失繁缛,为后人留下"鲜有能行之"的口实。国家草创之初,就能锐意制礼作乐,洪武朝冠礼重建的效果确实不容低估。但是其中问题,诸如不分嫡庶、及男不及女、重冠服轻冠礼等,也十分突出。

Hongwu government,based on Capping Rite of Etiquette and the regulations and practices of the Tang and Song dynasties,tried its best to better the situation,which had been ruined by Mongol-Yuan rule.The capping system covered royal families,officials and common people.Though its main characteristic was simplification of the Tang and Song dynasty practices,it did not always advocate reduction.The rites of common people having so much in common with officialscaused its infeasibility as in the practices of Qing dynasty criticizes.Yet,the effect of reconstructing the capping rite during Hongwu period cannot be underestimated.Some problems,such as no distinguishing the direct and the indirect,man and woman,and emphasizing more clothes than capping rites,should not be neglected as well.