我国水下历史沉船保护法律之困境及对策

The Dilemma and Countermeasures of Protecting Underwater Historical Wrecks in China

水下文物保护是一个世界性的课题。历史沉船及船载物蕴含着巨大的历史文化价值和经济价值,是不可复制的珍贵的历史遗产。对比普通法系国家,我国对于水下历史沉船保护的法律措施尚嫌不足。根据其他国家的法律借鉴,笔者认为我国对水下历史沉船保护的法律措施须作如下改善:完善对水下文物的认定;增加对保护原则的重视和保护方式的多样性;调动公民报告发现的积极性。

The protection of underwater historical wrecks is a worldwide subject.Underwater historical wrecks carrying huge historical and cultural value and economic value are the precious historical heritage and can’t be copied.Compared with the common law countries,the legal measures for the protection of underwater historical wrecks are still not enough.By borrowing from the law of other countries,the author believes that the protection measures in the law in our country shall be as follows:improve the identification of underwater cultural relics,pay more attention to the protection principles and the diversity of the protection methods,and mobilize the enthusiasm of the citizens in reporting found.