穿龙薯蓣无公害栽培技术体系探讨

Discussion on Pollution-free Cultivation Technology System of Dioscorea Nipponica

穿龙薯蓣是薯蓣皂苷元的主要来源,是用于生产避孕药、甾体类激素化合物的主要原料。穿龙薯蓣野生资源已不能满足日益增加的市场需求,但人工栽培过程中不规范使用农药、农残及重金属超标等问题限制了产业的可持续发展。无公害种植是穿龙薯蓣优质、高产和稳产的有效措施和未来主要发展方向。本文探讨了穿龙薯蓣无公害种植在精准选址、良种培育、规范化综合农艺管理等方面的技术要求;病虫害防治应优先使用农艺防治、生物防治,在不可避免的情况下少量使用低毒低残留的化学防治,禁止使用高毒高残留化学农药。通过构建穿龙薯蓣无公害栽培技术体系,实现穿龙薯蓣生产的标准化、产业化,促进穿龙薯蓣种植产业的健康发展。

Dioscorea nipponica is the main source of diosgenin and the main raw material for the production of contraceptives and steroid hormones compounds. The wild resources of D. nipponica has been unable to meet the increasing market demand,but artificial cultivation process does not regulate the use of pesticides,pesticide residues and heavy metals exceeding and other issues limit of sustainable development of the D. nipponicae rhizome industry. Pollution-free cultivation is an effective measure for high quality,high and stable yield of D. nipponicae rhizome and the main development direction in the future. This paper discusses the technical requirements of pollution-free cultivation of in precision origin location selection,improved variety cultivation,standardized comprehensive agronomic management measures,etc. Pest control should give priority to agronomic control and biological control,the use of chemical control with low toxicity and low residue in small amount is inevitable,and the use of chemical pesticides with high toxicity and high residue is prohibited. Through the construction of pollution-free cultivation technology system of D. nipponica,the standardization and industrialization of D. nipponicae rhizome production can be realized,meanwhile,the healthy development of D. nipponica planting industry will be promoted.