宋以前有关“伤寒日期”理论的文献研究

Literature Research on“Shanghan Date”Theory before Song Dynasty

"伤寒日期"理论是古代医家依据患病日数规律,关于伤寒病理法方药的系统论述。该理论肇始于《黄帝内经》,并得到后代医家的广泛应用。唐《外台秘要方》收录前代医家有关该理论的论述,对该理论进行全面总结。之后,宋初重要医籍《太平圣惠方》也有相关记载。北宋定本《伤寒论》的刊行使得"伤寒六经"理论得到推广,"日期"理论遭遇埋没。但六经条文中仍存在"日期"理论的痕迹,推测两种理论存在一定渊源关系,认为研究"伤寒日期"理论对理解"六经"有重要意义。

'Shanghan date'theory is particularly related to days duration of patients with Shanghan symptoms but without clinic treatment. It is analyzed and summarized by ancient physicians while observing and discussing Shanghan disease progress based on principle- method- recipe- medicines. Firstly,the theory originated from Huangdineijing,and had been widely applied in the following generations of physicians.Then in the Tang dynasty,relevant documents and theories from previous generation of physicians were collected,developed and promoted in Waitaimiyaofang,which impelled this theory reaching its academic top. Afterwards in the northern Song dynasty,Shanghanlun written by Zhangzhongjing was corrected and published by the national bureau for revising medical books. Correspondently,'Shanghan Six meridians'theory became prevailing,however,'Shanghan date'theory was buried. Even though,it was undeniable that there were a number of obvious traces of'Shanghan date'theory in Shanghanlun. In this paper,the origination and development of this theory was summarized,from Waitaimiyaofang to Taipingshenghuifang,ending in Shanghanlun.Results reveal that the'Shanghan date'theory plays an important role in'Shanghan Six meridians'theory,which deserves more attention and research.