591例支气管哮喘儿童中医体质类型调查研究

Investigation of 591 Children of Bronchial Asthma on TCM Constitutions

目的了解哮喘儿童中医体质分布规律,为儿童哮喘的防治提供依据。方法通过调查问卷的形式,对591例非急性发作期儿童支气管哮喘病例进行中医体质学分析。结果非急性发作期的支气管哮喘儿童的单一中医体质类型分布前五位分别是特禀质(25.2%)、气虚质(24.2%)、阳虚质(21.0%)、痰湿质(13.7%)和湿热质(5.8%),共占总数的89.8%,不同性别与年龄段对此分布特点无显著影响;但随着患儿年龄增长,平和质、阴虚质、湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质所占比例似有所增加的趋势,而气虚质、阳虚质、痰湿质、特禀质则有呈减少趋势。591例受调查儿童中单一体质类型仅占31.0%,包含2种体质类型的复合体质类型占总数38.7%,包含3种体质类型的占18.8%,包含4种体质类型的占10.3%。结论非急性发作期的支气管哮喘儿童的单一中医体质类型以特禀质、气虚质、阳虚质、痰湿质和湿热质最为常见,多数患儿是以复合体质类型呈现;部分体质类型可能随年龄逐渐增加而变化。

Objective To understand the rule of TCM constitution distribution of children asthma so as to provide the evidence on children asthma. Methods Through investigation questionnaire,the TCM constitution analysis was conduced on 591 cases of children bronchial asthma at non- acute attack stage. Results The first top five TCM constitutions of bronchial asthma in children at non- acute attack stage were allergic constitution( 25. 2%),qi deficiency constitution( 24. 2%),yang deficiency constitution( 21. 0%),phlegm damp constitution( 13. 7%) and damp heat constitution( 5. 8%). The total proportion was 89. 8%. The gender and age had no significant impact on the constitution distribution. While the patient children were getting older,the proportions of neutral constitution,yin deficiency constitution,damp heat constitution,blood stagnation constitution and qi stagnation constitution were increased in tendency,and those of qi deficiency constitution,yang deficiency constitution,phlegm damp constitution and allergic constitution were reduced in tendency. Of 591 children in the investigation,the single constitution accounted for 31. 0%,the two- combined constitution for 38. 7%,the three- combined constitution for 18. 8% and the four- combined constitution for10. 3%. Conclusion Among the children of bronchial asthma at non- acute attack stage,the most common single constitutions are allergic constitution,qi deficiency constitution,yang deficiency constitution,phlegm damp constitution and damp heat constitution. Most patient children have complex constitution and a part of constitutions probably changes while getting older.