肿瘤基因疫苗的研究进展

Progress in Genetic Vaccine Against Tumor

基因疫苗技术自从 2 0世纪 90年代问世以来被迅速应用到传染病、免疫缺陷、肿瘤等重大疾病的预防和治疗的研究中 ,有一部分已经进入临床试验阶段 .肿瘤基因疫苗可以打破免疫耐受 ,增强免疫原性 ,诱导机体产生针对肿瘤的体液和细胞反应 ,既有预防又有治疗肿瘤的作用 .能够防治肿瘤的基因疫苗发展迅猛 ,主要包括与肿瘤相关抗原 (TAAs)有关的全长、表位、独特型 (Id)和融合DNA疫苗 ,能够自主复制的RNA疫苗 ,与树突细胞 (DCs)相关的肿瘤基因疫苗等 .

Genetic vaccines were introduced less than a decade ago, but have already applied to a wide range of that fight off infectious, immunological, malignant diseases, and some genetic vaccines have been in clinical trials. Tumor genetic vaccines can break the immune tolerance, activate the immunogenicity, and induce the humoral and cellular responses to tumor cells. The anti-tumor genetic vaccines have proved to be effective prophylactic and curative vaccination against tumor. Progress in anti-tumor genetic vaccines is very rapid, including tumor-associated-antigens-based completed, epitope, idiotope determinants DNA vaccines, fusion DNA vaccines, RNA self-replicating vaccines, dendritic cell-based tumor vaccines etc. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms and the problems of the anti-tumor genetic vaccines also attract the scientists in this field.