行政法案件中的国际私法先决问题和外国法查明——德国联邦行政法院2012年7月19日判决评析

The Preliminary Question and the Proof of Foreign Law in the Administrative Litigation:Comment on the Judgement of the German Federal Administrative Court on July 19,2012

国际私法意义上的先决问题不仅可以出现在涉外民商事案件中,也可以出现在公法程序中。德国法院必须在公法程序中依据国际私法处理该民事先决问题。德国法院在行政诉讼中也有义务依职权查明外国法,包括相关的司法实践,查明过程中应穷尽可供利用之手段。即使当事人对事实审法院查明的外国法內容没有提出异议,法院也有义务查明外国法。在上诉程序中,行政程序中对外国法和外国司法实践的查明应当作为事实认定处理。

The preliminary question in the sense of conflict of laws appears not only in the international civil litigation,but also in the public law litigation.In Germany,the courts must decide the private preliminary question in the administrative litigation according to the private international law.As the courts in the civil litigation,the courts in administrative litigation also need to prove the contents of foreign law ex officio by exhausting the available provided methods,including the judicial practice in other countries.In appeal proceedings,the foreign law proved in the first instance should be accepted as facts.