论南海仲裁案实体裁决中对陆地权源的非法处理——以仲裁庭对岛礁地位的认定为考察对象

Illegal Disposal of Title to Land Territory in SCS Arbitration Award——On the Tribunal's Conclusion of the Status of Features

南海仲裁案的仲裁庭于2016年7月12日公布裁决,对中国作出了诸多不利的认定。就岛礁地位而言,作为群岛一部分的岛礁与单独的岛礁,在法律地位上明显不同。然而,仲裁庭割裂中国群岛主张的整体性而归纳出"某些岛礁地位与海洋权源问题"的争议,对相关岛礁的单独地位进行考察。这一争议焦点的归纳本身就是对中国基于群岛整体的领土主张进行事先预设,其本质是滥用海洋法处理中国以群岛为基础的陆地权源问题。中国的历年立法以及对外表态的内容是一致和清晰的。中国的南海主张分为陆地和海洋两个层面。就陆地层面而言,中国所主张的东沙、中沙、西沙和南沙群岛的主权权利来源是陆地权源,包含先占、条约、领土的回归等;就海洋权利而言,中国所主张的南海的海洋权益是以"群岛"的整体地位而不是以"单个岛礁"的个体地位为基础的。

The Tribunal in the arbitration unilaterally instituted by the Republic of the Philippines rendered its Award on July 12,2016,which is unfavorable in many aspects for China's position on the South China Sea( SCS). Evidently,status of singular feature is quite distinct from status of features as part of Islands( Island group or archipelago). However, the Tribunal beforehand separated China's integral claim over the group of Islands and concluded that China has a dispute on 'entitlements to maritime areas and the status of features ' with the Philippines. This preliminary consideration was an underlying assumption denying China's territorial claim over the Islands,and essentially disposed China's title to her land territory. Actually,China's claim over the SCS has been clear and consistent based on her relevant legislations and declarations over the years. China's claims over the SCS involve both land and maritime aspects. First,China's land claim is based on her title to Dosha,Zhongsha,Xisha and Nansha Islands,including occupation of terra nullius, treaty and territory reversion, etc., Second, China's maritime claim is based on the integral status of thus four Islands, by no means about any singular feature.