龙门石窟开凿年代研究

The Excavation Time of Longmen Grottoes

在龙门石窟开凿年代的研究问题上,研究者均以第1443窟(古阳洞)的开凿时间作为龙门石窟群开凿年代的标志。本文对偃师水泉石窟北魏造像碑记以及《魏书》中关于始平公隗归记载的研究,打破了始平公史无记载一说。对古阳洞的研究,本文作者从考古学上对窟龛叠压关系、因地质构造裂隙致造像记不能顺畅写、刻而出现字间空格,以及极少漏刻、已补现象进行了研究,结合中国书法界对该洞碑刻的研究成果,从而提出古阳洞新城县功曹孙秋生造像龛的题记为太和七年无误,并非漏掉一'十'字。国际上有关学者的研究论文也体现了同样的观点。本文作者认为佛教文化的传播不是随政治地位的变革而传播,龙门石窟的开凿起冶时间可以断定不是公元493年(太和十七年)北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳开始,而是在太和初年或之前。

On the problem of the excavation time of Longmen Grottoes,researchers all regards the excavation time of Cave 1443(Guyangdong Cave)as the beginning of the Longmen Grottoes.In this paper the study on the stele of the Northern Wei Dynasty at Shuiquan Grottoes in Yanshi and the recod of Duke Shiping,Kuigui in Wei Shu breaks the statement of no historical record about Duke Shiping.According to the archaeological relation of overlapping and covering of niches,the study on the conditions of the space among characters of the inscription resulted from tectonic crevice,and a little replenishment of om tted characters,the author proposes that it is correct that the inscription of Sun Qiusheng Niche is in the seventh year of Taihe Period,not omitting the character of"十".Some related international scholars’research papers have also proposed the same opinion.The author believes that the spreading of Buddhist culture doesn’t follow the change of political status.It can be concluded that the excavation time of Longmen Grottoes is not the seventeenth year of Taihe Period when Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang,but in the early years of Taihe Period or before.