麦积山石窟第四窟七佛龛壁画初探

The Mural of Seven Buddha Niche of Cave 4 at Maijishan Grottoes

麦积山石窟第四窟是北周大都督李允信为亡父造像的功德窟,过去多位专家学者对此窟的开凿时间进行考证,存在异议,现再进行考证。重点对此窟七佛龛内顶部'薄肉塑'壁画,过去亦有专家提及,但一直没有被受到重视,其中'沥粉塑'壁画,至今不为人所知的壁画,进行详细考察辨析。初步识读出每龛四方壁画中,多种麦积山石窟中其他窟内从未有的新题材,及组合经变的内容思想,如卢舍那、释迦、阿弥陀、弥勒佛的组合,《观佛三昧海经》禅法观像等。为研究麦积山石窟佛教造像(壁画)和秦地佛教传播情况,以及研究北方石窟寺,乃至中国石窟寺之间佛教造像(壁画)的互为影响,亦是难得珍贵的实物资料。

The Cave 4 of Maijishan Grottoes was built by Viceroy Li Yunxin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty for his late father.There are many controversial opinions on the excavation time of this cave,so the author wants to do the textual research again.In this paper the author focus on the investigation and the discrimination of the murals used"Baorousu"(the sculptural technique combining with painting and relief)on the ceiling of Seven Buddha Niches in this cave which has been neglected,and the murals used the powder painting technique which has been unknown yet.He has recognized some new subjects and contents of the Buddhist sutra paintings on four walls of each niche,which have not been seen in other caves in Maijishan Grottoes,such as the combination of Vairocana,Sakyamuni,Amitabha and Maitreya,meditation and contemplation of Buddha of Buddha-dhyana-samadhi-sagara-sutra.These murals are very precious materials for researching on Buddhist sculptures(murals)of Maijishan Grottoes,Buddhist transmissions in Qin Region,study on cave temples in North China and interaction of Buddhist sculptures(murals)among Chinese cave temples.