小南海及香泉寺石窟刻经与僧稠学行——“南朝重义理,北朝重修行”论驳议兼及净土宗祖师

The Sculptured Sutra of Xiaonanhai and Xiangquansi Grottoes and Academic Achievements of Sengchou:the Refutation of the Judgment “the South Values Knowledge, and the North Values Practice" and the Patriarch of Pure Land School

安阳小南海石窟和卫辉香泉寺石窟镌刻的石经,不仅是中国佛教石窟史和石经史上的重要事件,而且是中国佛教发展史上的重要事件,保留下文献缺载的有关僧稠学行的原始资料,它们和敦煌写本P·3559(P·3664)的'稠禅师'《大乘心行论》都显示出:僧稠既是人们熟知的禅修大师,又是一位高度重视、并且精通《华严经》核心哲理的义学高僧。'南朝重义理,北朝重修行'的论断早已成为中国佛教史的'定论',僧稠作为'北朝重修行'的代表人物,一直被简化为仅是刻苦修禅的禅师,成为'南朝重义理,北朝重修行'论的重要依据。这一结论不符合南北朝时期中国佛教的实际情况。学院派学者缺乏有关僧团内部修行实践的知识,没有全面地研究南北朝时期佛教修行的历史事实,忽视了南朝和北朝佛教在戒律和礼忏修行方面各具特色的重要实践,对南朝佛教的禅定修行也没有进行深入研究,轻易地做出了错误的论断。净土宗的祖师是菩提流支,因为曲折的原因被抹掉了。

The sutras engraved in Xiaonanhai Grottoes of Anyang and Xiangquansi Grottoes of Weihui,are the important events in the history of not only Chinese Buddhist cave temples and stone sutra,but also Chinese Buddhist development.They retain the source material about Sengchou’s academic achievements,which is recorded in historical documents.It shows Sengchou is not only a well-known great master of meditation,but also an eminent monk who paid high attention to and proficient in the central idea of Avatamsaka-sutra(The Huayan jing).The judgment'the South Values Knowledge,and the North Values Practice'has become the conclusion.As a representative personage of'the North Values Practice',Sengchou has been simply regarded as an only hardworking meditation master all the time,and been the important evidence of the judgment'the South Values Knowledge,and the North Values Practice'.Short of the knowledge of interior practice of the monk organization,without comprehensively study the historical truth about Buddhist practice in the Northern and Southern Dynasties,neglecting the important practice of the Buddhist precepts and confession of the Northern and Southern Dynasties with different features,without deep research of meditation practice of the Northern and Southern Dynasties,the scholars of academism made a wrong judgment easily.The patriarch of Pure Land School is Bodhiruci,which is erased for tortuous reasons.