内蒙古阿尔寨石窟地质环境及病害调查与保护

Investigation and Protection of Geological Environment and Diseases of Aerzhai Grottoes in Inner Mongolia

阿尔寨石窟是内蒙古自治区境内目前发现的规模最大的、内容最丰富的石窟寺建筑群。在自然灾害及人为因素的影响下,现存的石窟几乎均有不同程度的病害存在,主要病害包括边坡岩体和洞窟围岩失稳、风沙掩埋和侵蚀、表面粉化剥落、泛盐、表层片状剥落、裂隙与空鼓、表面污染与变色、彩绘石质表面颜料病害等。地学调查与研究则是做好遗产保护工作的基础,本文运用地学的观点,系统地研究阿尔寨石窟石质文化遗产的地学条件,掌握石窟寺的健康状况和病害情况,以便及时采取有效措施排除安全隐患,还进一步探讨了石窟文化遗产的保护。不仅为科学保护阿尔寨石窟提供基础资料,同时也是对砂岩型石窟寺病害调查工作方法的一种积极有益的探索。

Aerzhai Grottoes are the largest cave temple complex with the most abundant content,found in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Under the influence of natural disasters and human factors,there are almost all kinds of diseases in the existing grottoes,mainly including slope rock,unstable rock around caves,sand burial and erosion,surface powder spalling,pan-salt,surface flake peeling,fissure and hollowing,surface contamination and discoloration,painted stone surface pigment disease.Geological survey and research is the basis for the work of heritage conservation.With the view of geology,the author systematically surveys basic geological conditions of stone cultural heritage,masters the cave temple health and disease situation of Aerzhai grottoes,in order to take timely and effective measures to eliminate security risks,and further discuss the protection of stone cultural heritage.It provides not only basic information for the scientific protection of the Aerzhai caves,but also a positive and useful method for the sandstone cave temple disease investigation.