炳灵寺石窟第70窟图像研究

A Study of the Murals in Cave 70 in BingLingsi Grottoes

炳灵寺第70窟以八臂十一面观音为主尊造像,窟顶彩绘十八罗汉环绕的无量寿坛城;正壁、南壁和北壁分别绘以三世佛、西方三圣和宗喀巴师徒三尊为中心的佛教画面;东壁窟门周围绘护法、供养人等。本文通过记录辨识窟内图像,考释得出此窟是在藏教格鲁派蓬勃发展、藏汉文化交融荟萃的时代背景下,由汉族官宦士绅与藏族佛教大德共同发愿,以多种观像法门为功用,以往生无量寿极乐净土和追求现世利益为目的而营建的密教功德窟。

Cave 70 of Bingling Temple Grottoes shows the statue of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva with eight arms and eleven faces as the main statue.On the top of the cave is painted with the Mandala of Amitayus surrounded by eighteen Arhats.The main wall,the south wall and the north wall arerespectively painted with Buddhist images centered on Buddhas of Three Periods,the Three Western Saints and Tsongkhapa apprenticeship 3.The gate of Cave is painted with Dharmapalas and donors,etc.Through recording and identifying the images in this cave,this paper finds that cave 70,as a Tantrism merit cave,was built under the background of the flourishing development of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan religion and the amalgamation of Tibetan and Chinese cultures,with the common aspirations and wishes of the Han officials and gentry and the Tibetan Buddhist,aiming at achieving the functions of various visual practice methods,the endless life and realism material interests.