《四库全书》的戏曲记忆

The Memory of The Opera in Si Ku Quan Shu

官方书籍编纂是构建社会记忆的重要途径。《四库全书》因为不收录戏曲剧本而为戏曲研究者所广为诟病,成为论证清代戏曲地位低下的重要证据。《四库全书》尽管没有收录戏曲剧本,但是仍然保存了大量的极为重要的戏曲研究资料,奠定了考察中国戏曲史的基础,具有重要的戏曲学价值。这与中国戏曲艺术的综合特性、社会影响的广泛性以及《四库全书》的巨大体量和灵活掌握收录标准有关。而且《四库全书》在编纂成书后,对当时的戏曲研究也发挥过直接的促进作用。因此《四库全书》的戏曲学价值需要重新认识。

The compilation of official books is an important way to construct social memory. Si Ku Quan Shu was widely criticized by the opera researchers for not including the drama script, and was also considered as an important evidence of lower status of opera in the Qing dynasty. Si Ku Quan Shu saved a lot of very important opera research materials and laid the study foundation of Chinese opera history. Many reasons contribute to this facts, such as the comprehensive nature of Chinese opera art, the universality of social influence、the huge volume of Si Ku Quan Shu and the flexibility of mastering the inclusion criteria. Besides, Si Ku Quan Shu also played a direct role in study of Opera. Therefore, the value of the Si Ku Quan Shu in opera study should be reacquainted.