元代理学家吴澄对《道德经》的解读

The Comments of Dao De Jing for Yuan Dynasty Neo-Confucian Scholar Wucheng

吴澄是元代理学代表人物之一,但他的思想也有超出儒学之处。在注释老子《道德经》时,吴澄既以理学家的义理阐释老子之'道',也有些地方符合老子原意。通过解读吴澄《道德真经注》,可以揭示出儒家的仁义礼智与老子的'道德'属于不同层面的问题,儒家圣人、圣王具有仁与不仁、善与不善的一体两面,儒家的社会理想、道德理想,用老子的话来说,就是'美言不信'。吴澄注释《道德经》,有时符合老子原意,有时又以儒家那一套附会老子。两种对立的观念并存于吴澄的《道德真经注》中,也并存于他的人格中。

Wu Cheng was a leading Neo-Confucian scholar during the Yuan Dynasty,but his thoughts also went beyond Confucianism.When commenting the Dao De Jing,Wu Cheng did not entirely interpret Laozi’s'dao'by Neo-Confucian doctrine,sometimes he followed the original meaning of Laozi.By interpreting Wu Cheng’s Dao De Zhen Jing Zhu,it can be revealed that the Confucian virtues are different from Laozi’s'dao'and'de',that the Confucian sages are both kind and unkind,and both good and bad,and that the Confucian moral and social ideals are beautiful words but not the truth of the world.The two contrary ideas co-exist in Wu Cheng’s Dao De Zhen Jing Zhu,and also co-exist in his personality.