中国水坝安全状况分析与研究

Analysis and Research on the Safety Status of Dams in China

综合国际和国内水电站建设情况,从历史溃坝资料、现行安全标准和目前水电站大坝存在的安全隐患等方面,对比分析了我国水坝的安全状况。通过溃坝概率分析,提出了溃坝风险防范的重点是中低坝,而提升流域安全水平的重点是高坝大库。最后提出建立运行期安全鉴定和重大技术问题跟踪评价制度,开展泄洪设施的隐患排查,推进极端气候条件下大坝安全性研究、特高坝工作性态和大坝退役机制基础性研究,加快推动流域风险管理和大坝安全管理相关立法的建议。

By the data of international and domestic hydropower stations,the safety status of dams in China is compared andanalyzed from historical dam failure,current safety standards and potential risk for dam safety. Based on the analysis of damfailure probability,it is proposed that the dam failure risk of middle and low dams are severe,while the safety of cascadereservoirs in a river basin is determined by high dams and large reservoirs. Finally,it is also proposed to establish safetyassessment system for the dams during operation period and tracking assessment system for important technological issues,carryout investigations on hidden dangers of flood discharge facilities,promote researches on dam safety responding to extremeclimatic,operating state of extra-high dams and retirement of old dams,accelerate river basin risk management and promote thelegislation of dam safety management.