我国非常规水源开发利用现状及存在问题

Utilization status and problems of non-conventional water resources in China

在统计我国非常规水源开发利用现状的基础上,对再生水、海淡水、雨洪水、矿井水、苦咸水等5种非常规水源占比进行分析,结果表明:我国再生水利用主要集中在华北和东北地区,海淡水利用主要在沿海的浙江省、天津市、河北省等省份,雨洪水利用量以山东省、云南省、江苏省居前三位,而苦咸水利用量以河北省、甘肃省、山东省最多,矿井水利用量主要集中在山西省、山东省、内蒙古自治区3个采煤大省。总体来看,我国非常规水源开发利用主要集中在水资源相对紧缺、且社会经济发展水平相对较高的北方地区,以及沿海淡水资源缺乏的省份和海岛。虽然我国非常规水源开发利用量逐年增加,但在管理和技术上存在缺乏扶持政策、缺乏统一规划、水价成本倒挂、技术标准不完善、技术驱动力不足等方面的问题。最后从完善政策、统筹规划、提高创新能力、创新投融资模式、加强监管和宣传等方面提出了对策建议。

Based on the statistics of exploitation and utilization of non-conventional water in China, the utilization ratios of five kinds of non-conventional water are analyzed,that is,reclaimed water,sea water,rain flood water, mine water and brackish water. The results show that in China, the reclaimed water utilization is mainly concentrated in North China and Northeast China,the freshwater use is mainly in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province,Tianjin City and Hebei Province,the rain flood water consumption is mainly in Shandong,Yunnan,Jiangsu provinces,the brackish water use is mainly in Hebei, Gansu and Shandong provinces,and the mine water use is mainly concentrated in three coal mining areas of Shanxi Province, Shandong Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In general,the development and utilization of non-conventional water resources in China are mainly concentrated in the northern areas with relatively short water resources and relatively high socioeconomic development level and in the coastal provinces and islands with deficient fresh water resources. Although the development and utilization of non-conventional water resources in China have increased year by year,there are also some problems such as short policy support, deficient unified planning, inconsistent water price cost, imperfect technical standards and insufficient technical driving forces. Some countermeasures are proposed: policy improvement, overall planning, promotion of innovative ability,innovative investment and financing modes and strengthening of supervision and propaganda.