旧唯物主义之“旧”与新唯物主义之“新”

The Oldness of Old Materialism and the Novelty of New Materialism

旧唯物主义的旧在于它的直观性,即只是从客体的或直观的形式去理解现实中的事物,而不能从主体方面把感性理解为人的感性活动,理解为实践。马克思创立的新唯物主义的新在于它的实践性,即从主体方面把现实中的事物当作实践和人的感性活动来理解。克服了旧唯物主义的直观性,新唯物主义从实践出发去说明人的本质与社会生活,以及国家、法和意识形态的产生过程,最终在社会历史观领域摆脱唯心主义的纠缠。

In the old materialism,the reality is not comprehended as the perceptual activities of person,and the things are directly perceived through the senses.The oldness of old materialism is its object.In the new materialism by Marx,the reality is comprehended as the practice,the perceptual activities of person.The new materialism which has overcome the defect of the old materialism is practical materialism.In the new materialism,the nature of human life and society,as well as national,laws and ideologies and their generative process,are all explained from the practice.Ultimately,new materialism released from entanglement of idealism in the field of historical view.