论三峡水库“蓄清排浑”运用方式及其优化

Application and optimization of “storing clean water and discharging muddy flow” in the Three Gorges Reservoir

泥沙问题是三峡工程的关键技术问题之一,在三峡工程论证和初步设计阶段提出水库采取"蓄清排浑"的运用方式,可以解决泥沙问题。2003年水库蓄水运用以来的实践表明,水库基本遵循了"蓄清排浑"调度运用原则,并根据上游来水来沙减少等新情况对水库运用方式进行了优化调整。本文系统分析了三峡水库"蓄清排浑"运行方式及其优化调整的利弊,包括提前5年实施175 m试验性蓄水、汛期水位动态变化、汛末提前蓄水等对水库淤积和坝下游河道演变的影响,提出了进一步优化水库调度方式,形成"蓄清排浑"运用的新模式,保持水库长期使用的建议,试图为三峡水库科学高效安全运用提供科技支撑。

The silt problem is one of the key technical problems in the Three Gorges Project. In the demonstration and preliminary design phases of the Three Gorges Project,adoption of the'storing clean waterand discharging muddy flow'method was proposed for solving the silt problem. The implementation of reser?voir water impoundment in 2003 showed that the reservoir generally follows'storing clean water and dis?charging muddy flow'scheduling principle and its mode of operation is optimized based on new conditionssuch as the reduction of upstream water and silt. This study systematically analyzes the advantages and dis?advantages of optimization and adjustment of'storing clean water and discharging muddy flow'of operationof the Three Gorges Reservoir, including the effects of the 175 m experimental impoundment implementedfive years previously,dynamic changes in water level during the flood season,and effects of advanced wa?ter impoundment,on reservoir sedimentation and river channel evolution downstream of the dam. In orderto providing technical support for the scientific,efficient,and safe utilization of the Three Gorges Reser?voir,optimization suggestions for reservoir scheduling aim at forming a new'storing clean water and discharging muddy flow'model and maintaining long term use of the reservoir are proposed.