工程水文学在中国的发展

The advances of engineering hydrology in China

17世纪前,中国先祖对水文现象的观察和对水文循环的理解都处于同时代的世界领先水平。在定量水文学时期,由于未能及时注重并吸取促使科学快速发展的实验范式和理论范式,水文学在中国失去了与世界同步发展的机会。1949年以后,随着中国经济社会的蓬勃发展,特别是大规模水利建设和现代生态文明建设的驱动,在日新月异的现代科技支撑下,中国水文学不仅基本上实现了与世界同步发展,而且在流域水文模型、设计洪水理论和方法等领域取得了一些创新成果。当今正值深度信息化、大数据和智能化时代,仿真范式和数据密集范式正在引发新的科技革命,水文学的发展也进入佳境。未来水文学将是物理水文学、随机水文学、仿真水文学和数据水文学互相补充、融合发展的水文学,其对经济社会发展的支撑作用将会更加凸现。

Before the 17 th century,the observation of hydrological phenomena and the understanding of hydrological cycle by Chinese ancestors were at the contemporary leading level in the world. In the period ofquantitative hydrology,China lost the opportunity to develop hydrology synchronism with the world due tothe failure to pay attention to and absorb the experimental and theoretical paradigms that promote the rapiddevelopment of science. After 1949,with the rapid social and economic development in China,especiallydriven by the large-scale construction of water conservancy and modern ecological civilization,hydrology inChina has not only keep pace development with the world,but also made some innovative achievements insuch fields as watershed hydrological model,and design flood theory and method. Nowadays,in the era ofdeep informatization, big data and intelligence, the simulation paradigm and data-intensive paradigm aretriggering a new scientific and technological revolution, and the development of hydrology has entered agood situation. In the future,physical hydrology,random hydrology,simulation hydrology and data hydrolo?gy will be complementing and integrating development each other,and its supporting role to socioeconomic development will be more prominent.