干细胞来源外泌体在心肌损伤修复中的作用

The role of stem cell-derived exosomes in repairing myocardial injury

目前普遍认为干细胞在心肌损伤修复中的旁分泌作用是其发挥疗效的重要途径之一。外泌体是旁分泌的重要介质,是由细胞分泌的具有磷脂双分子层结构的囊性小泡,可以转运蛋白质、脂质和核酸分子到受体细胞,介导生理和病理条件下细胞间通讯。多种干细胞,包括胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、心脏祖细胞、间充质干细胞和心肌球细胞等来源的外泌体对受损心脏的保护作用已被广泛证实,其在心肌损伤修复中的治疗效果备受关注。本综述总结了目前关于不同干细胞来源的外泌体在心肌损伤修复研究中的最新进展,包括治疗潜力和作用机制。

At present,it is generally believed that the paracrine effect of stem cells in the repair of myocardial injury is one of the important ways for stem cell therapy.Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed nanovesicles that secreted by cells under physiological and pathological conditions.Cargo loaded into exosomes including protein,lipids and nucleic acids can be delivered to recipient cells.Therefore,exosomes are recognized as important mediators for intercellular communication.It has been suggested that exosomes from stem cells(eg.embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,cardiac progenitor cells,mesenchymal stem cells and cardiosphere-derived cells)have protective effects against heart injury.In this review,we summarized recent research progresses on stem cell-derived exosomes in myocardial injury,including the therapeutic effects and mechanism.