中枢神经系统原位细胞转分化的研究进展

Progress on in situ cell transdifferentiation in central nervous system

中枢神经损伤会导致神经元不可逆的缺失和胶质瘢痕的形成,给患者造成神经功能的障碍。再生医学认为补充缺失的神经元可能是修复损伤最理想的方法。近些年研究显示,多种成熟的细胞经过重编程后可以转分化为功能神经元。因此研究者将内源的胶质细胞进行原位重编程产生功能神经元,用于神经损伤修复及神经退行性疾病的治疗,该方法展现出开发潜力和独特优势。本文就当前中枢神经系统胶质细胞原位转分化研究进行了总结归纳,重点介绍可进行原位转分化的胶质细胞的类型、特征和转分化研究进展,为开发新的神经损伤治疗策略及进一步临床应用提供理论依据。

Central nervous system injury leads to irreversible neuronal loss and glial scar formation,which ultimately results in persistent neurological dysfunction.Regenerative medicine suggests that replenishing missing neurons may be an ideal approach to repair the damage.Recent researches showed that many mature cells could be transdifferentiated into functional neurons by reprogramming.Therefore,reprogramming endogenous glia in situ to produce functional neurons shows great potential and unique advantage for repairing neuronal damage and treating neurodegenerative diseases.The present review summarized the current research progress on in situ transdifferentiation in the central nervous system,focusing on the cell types,characteristics and research progress of glial cells that could be transdifferentiated in situ,in order to provide theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies of neuronal injury and further clinical application.