滥用本人银行卡行为的刑事法理分析——兼评民刑交叉案件的法律适用路径

Analysis of Criminal Jurisprudence of Abusing One's Own Bankcard Under the Perspective of Crossed Case of Civil Law and Criminal Law

滥用本人银行卡具有典型的民刑交叉属性,其中持卡人身份和银行卡操作流程均具备合法性外观,这给刑法适用带来了困惑。在银行卡法律关系中,存款的占有判断标准和ATM机的法律属性,应结合民法和刑法各自特征分别做出。对于利用ATM机故障恶意取款、存入假币换取真币以及挂失取走本人银行卡中他人钱款的行为,应结合钱款的归属、钱款的受控状态以及实行行为特征,分别认定为盗窃罪或诈骗罪。在民刑交叉案件的法律归责中,不能一概采取先民法后刑法的法律适用路径,而应结合自然犯和法定犯的不同特征,确定法律归责方式。

The abusing of one's own bank card has the typical character of crossed case of civil law and criminal law.The card holder's identity and the operation of the bank card both have legal appearances,which brings the confusion to the application of the criminal law.The possession of the deposit and the criminal property of the ATM machine should be made clear.In the abuse of one's own bank card,whoever takes advantage of the machine faults commits the crime of embezzlement;whoever deposit the counterfeit money in exchange for real money or remove others' money in his card should be seen as the crime of fraud.When ascribing the legal liability to crossed case of civil law and criminal law,the different rule must be applied to natural crimes or statutory crimes.