环状RNA的功能特性与胃癌的发生及诊断

Functional characteristics of circular RNAs and the occurrence and diagnosis of gastric cancer

环状RNA(circular RNA, circRNA)是一类具备环状闭合结构的内源性非编码RNA(nocoding RNA,ncRNA),主要由外显子和(或)内含子转录而成,具有组织和细胞表型特异性及稳定性,在生命活动中行使着重要的生物学功能,如circRNA可充当微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)海绵以调控基因表达、与蛋白质相互作用、直接参与翻译过程、参与免疫反应、调控细胞功能、参与缺氧诱导肿瘤发生发展等功能。特别是参与肿瘤的发生发展使circRNA能成为肿瘤诊断及治疗的潜在靶点。本文将从circRNA的功能、参与胃癌的发生发展以及作为临床诊断标志物等展开综述。

Circular RNA is a type of endogenous non-coding RNA with a circular closed structure,mainly transcribed by exons and/or introns.It has tissue and cell phenotypic specificity and stability,and plays an important biological functions in life activities,such as acting as microRNA(miRNA)sponges to regulate gene expression,interact with proteins,directly participate in translation processes,participate in immune responses,regulates cell function and participates in hypoxia-induced tumorigenesis and other functions.Particularly involved in the development of cancer,circRNA can become a potential target for cancer diagnosis and treatment.This article will review the function of circRNA,participate in the development of gastric cancer,and as a clinical diagnostic marker.