上海郊区夏季鸟类群落特征及多样性研究

The Study of Avian Community and Species Diversity in Shanghai Suburb Area in Summer

2001年和2002年夏季对上海郊区不同生境鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类68种,隶属11目25科。上海郊区夏季鸟类平均密度为2.7237只/hm2,现存生物量为276.0663g/hm2。鸟类多样性指数为2.2815,均匀度指数为0.5407,优势度指数为0.2254。农田居民区、滩涂湿地和丘陵林地三种典型生境中,湿地鸟类种类最多,多样性指数最高,但密度最低;农田生境多样性最低,但密度最高,林地生境种类最少。研究结果表明,上海郊区夏季不同生境鸟类群落特征差异显著,但群落结构稳定,改善环境的自然性、增加空间异质性、减少人为干扰等可使鸟类群落的多样性和密度增加。

During the summer of 2001 and 2002,we studied three typical summering avian communities in twenty-seven habitats that belong to subtropical cultivated land, wetland and forestland habitats within the suburb area of Shanghai.68 species, which belonged to 11 orders, 25 families, were recorded in three habitats. The total average density of birds is 2.7237 /hm2, The Shannon-wiener index(H') is 2.2815, species evenness(J) is 0.5407,C index is 0.2254. In three typical habitats, the diversity index(3.0759) in wetland area is higher than others, but the density (0.8495) is lower than others. On the contrary, the diversity index(1.6464) in cultivated land is lower than others but the density(4.9608) is higher than others. Meanwhile the species of forest birds is few comparatively. The results showed that the diversity of summer avian communities is not very high, but stable in Shanghai suburb area. The diversity and density will be rose up through improving naturalness of environment, increasing spatial heterogeneity and reducing the disturbance of human beings.