中国九个典型行业女职工月经异常状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of menstrual abnormalities and its influencing factors among female workers in nine typical industries in China

目的调查研究不同行业女职工月经异常及其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2016年5—11月对我国医药卫生、石油化工、冶金、铁路、机械制造、电子等9个行业51 075名女工进行调查。利用《女工生殖健康调查问卷》收集人口学、职业及生殖状况等数据。采用χ~2检验进行影响月经异常的单因素分析;利用Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 9个行业女职工的月经异常率为35.85%,其中月经周期异常占15.12%,月经量异常18.59%,月经持续时间异常和痛经分别为7.18%和9.88%。金融行业女工月经异常率最高(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.31~1.70),其次是石油化工行业(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.32~1.71);经常加班(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.09~1.19)、轮班(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.07~1.17)、长时间坐位工作(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.25~1.36)、暴露于化学物质(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.23~1.39)等均是月经异常的相关影响因素。结论行业、经常加班、轮班、长时间坐位、职业暴露化学有害因素等是女职工月经异常的影响因素。

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders in female workers from different industries and their influencing factors in China.Methods A cross-sectional survey with multi-stage sampling and homemade'female worker reproductive health questionnaire'were used in the study,51 075 female workers from nine industries in China,such as medical and health,petrochemistry,metallurgy,etc.from May to November 2016.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used for single factor analysis and multivariate factors analysis on menstruation disorders,respectively.Results The study found that the general abnormal rate of menstruation was 35.85%within recent six months before survey,15.12%female workers had irregular menstrual cycle,18.59%had abnormal menstrual flow,7.18%had abnormal menstrual duration and 9.88%suffered from dysmenorrheal.The highest among them was finance industry(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.31~1.70),the next was petrochemical industry(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.32~1.71).Meanwhile,work overtime(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.09~1.19),shift work(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.07~1.17),long-term sitting work(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.25~1.36),exposure to chemical agents(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.23~1.39),etc.also all the related influencial factor of menstrual disorders.Conclusion The results suggested that menstrual disorders rate of female workers was high among some industries,which was related to industry,overtime work,shift work,long-term sitting work,and exposure to chemical agents,physical agents,or biological agents.