文化信仰、商业模式与商帮兴衰:基于晋商与潮商的比较研究

Cultural Belief,Business Model and the Rise and Fall of Business Groups:A Comparison between Jin Merchants and Chaoshan Merchants

遵循文化—行为—商业模式—绩效—商帮兴衰的逻辑思路,根据历史比较制度分析理论与内生制度变迁理论,对晋商和潮商的文化信仰以及在此基础上形成的商业模式进行系统比较与分析,并进一步探讨两者商业兴衰的内生变迁过程。研究发现商业兴衰的关键在于文化信仰:作为中国传统社会的主导信仰,农耕文明导致晋商推崇官本位思想和保守经营的信念,进而形成忠于当权者的"官商结合"商业发展模式,但晋商最终"成也萧何,败也萧何";海洋文明作为潮商的主要信仰,在艰难的商业环境中逐渐孕育出潮商大胆、创新、不拘一格的精神品质,进而形成了服务社会公众的市场导向型商业发展模式。文化信念差异导致了晋商和潮商面对民族危亡时的行为倾向差异;在新的历史时期,持续创新仍将是潮商生存和发展的基础。

This paper follows the logical thinking of culture-behavior-business model-performancemerchants' rise and fall. By using the historical comparative institutional analysis of business theory and endogenous institutional change theory,the paper makes a comparative analysis of cultural beliefs of Jin Merchants and Chaoshan Merchants,and further explores the endogenous change process of their rise and fall. It argues that cultural beliefs are key to their business rise and fall: farming civilization as a result of faith in traditional Chinese society leads to Jin Merchants' official standard thinking and conservative management,thereby forming a business model of 'officials collude with merchants',and eventually ending with failure;ocean civilization as the main religion,gradually gives birth to Chaoshan Merchants' brave,innovative,and eclectic spiritual quality,thereby forming a ' market-oriented'business model. Cultural beliefs result in differences in behaviors of Jin Merchants and Chaoshan Merchants when facing national disasters. In the new era of China,ongoing innovation is still the foundation of Chaoshan Merchants' survival and development,and it is important for business leaders to know how to make use of Chaoshan's overseas relationship to service the national strategy of One Belt One Road Initiative.