不同类型环境规制影响我国产业竞争力的效应分析

The Analysis of the Effect of Different Environmental Regulations on China’s Industrial Competitiveness

环境规制对产业竞争力的影响,不仅取决于环境规制标准的严格程度,更取决于环境规制的类型。在细分环境规制类型的基础上构建评估地区产业竞争力的指标体系,利用2006—2015年中国30个省份的省级面板数据,实证分析各类环境规制对地区产业竞争力的影响,并对不同类型环境规制的空间效应进行检验。研究表明:命令型环境规制对地区产业竞争力具有负面效应,市场激励型环境规制对产业竞争力的影响具有不确定性,隐性环境规制则有助于提升地区产业竞争力。从不同类型环境规制的空间效应看,市场激励型环境规制加强将对本地的产业竞争力产生不利影响,对临近地区的产业竞争力则具有正的空间溢出效应;隐性环境规制加强将有助于提升本地区的产业竞争力,但对临近地区的产业竞争力具有负的空间溢出效应。因而政府应组合使用各种环境规制,并尽可能地选择灵活性强的隐性环境规制手段,以有效提升我国的产业竞争力。

The impact of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness depends not only on the strictness of environmental regulations,but also on the type of environmental regulation and its flexibility.China’s existing environmental regulations are generally divided into three types:command-based environmental regulation,market-incentive environmental regulation and implicit environmental regulation.Each type of environmental regulation has different flexibility,which has different effects on industrial competitiveness.Based on the classification of environmental regulation types and the construction of index system of regional industrial competitiveness,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of different environmental regulations with different flexibility on regional industrial competitiveness by using the provincial panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2015,and the spatial effects of various types of environmental regulation were tested.The study found that command-type environmental regulation has a negative effect on regional industrial competitiveness;the impact of market-incentive environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness is uncertain,and implicit environmental regulation can improve regional industrial competitiveness.It is also found that from the perspective of the spatial effects of different types of environmental regulations,market-incentive environmental regulations have an adverse effect on local industrial competitiveness,and have positive spatial spillover effects on industrial competitiveness in adjacent areas;implicit environmental regulation will enhance local industrial competitiveness,while has a negative spatial spillover effect on industrial competitiveness in adjacent areas.Therefore,when implementing environmental regulation,the government should combine and comprehensively use various types of environmental regulations,and choose implicit environmental regulation with more flexibility as much as possible to effectively enhance China’s industrial competitiveness.